I see a boot entry for Windows, but I don’t see, where it could be installed? Did you modify the output of parted --list
or is it only an old entry?
We can try to manually install the bootloader. Start again the installation medium, open a terminal and execute line by line:
sudo -s
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in dev dev/pts proc sys sys/firmware; do mount --bind /$i /mnt/$i; done
chroot /mnt
update-grub
grub-install
exit
exit
Please post the complete input and output, so that we can help in case of errors.