You might want to check your question.
You mention 20.04.1 booted
then later mention 22.04.1 which failed to boot. Your title implies you’re asking about Lubuntu 20.04.1 which booted (but won’t boot).
Lubuntu 20.04.1 used the GA kernel stack; ie. 5.4 kernel, where as Lubuntu 22.04.1 uses the 5.15 kernel. The Lubuntu 20.04.5 media also uses that (5.15) kernel stack so I’d likely try 20.04.5 and see if that boots; as the would imply it’s a kernel related issue to me (if 20.04.5 fails to boot, but we’ll have more details (hopefully via proces of elimination) if it boots).
I do see many IO errors which reminds me of partition table problems in a screen you provided, but I’ve seen kernels that have problems with hardware give such errors before too; thus why I’d likely explore a different 20.04 kernel stack (using the jammy stack given it exists).